SEPARATION OF GOVERNMENTAL POWERS

  The State of SCNRFP has Physical and Virtual Foreign Diplomatic Offices 

The purpose of diplomacy is to strengthen the state, nation, or organization it serves in relation to others by advancing the interests in its charge.

Government-to-government engagement can help showcase the competitive strengths, talents, and capabilities of State of SCNRFP companies in all industry sectors.

To promote investments, technologies, funding in support of economic development, social needs, and humanitarian all aimed at peace and good will as a neutral nation.

Ten principles of operational diplomacy

The ten principles for diplomatic operations are:

National interest

Credibility

Clarity

Comprehensiveness

Understanding

Perceptiveness

Circumspection

Confidence-building

Decisiveness

Perseverance

Commercial diplomacy works to ensure open and effective engagement with foreign officials on behalf of State of SCNRFP companies, industries, or broader national economic security interests. Typical situations for commercial diplomacy assistance include: Reducing, Removing, and Preventing Foreign Trade Barriers.

Commercial diplomacy provides a means for governments to increase their international trade and to stimulate their national economies. Foreign posts play a crucial role in offering effective diplomatic support for international business.

Commercial diplomacy is diplomacy that focuses on development of business between two countries. ... In literature the concepts of economic diplomacy and commercial diplomacy are often used interchangeably. Definitions of both concepts vary, and consequently the relationship between them is also described differently.

Economic diplomacy includes building international coalitions to help countries recover from financial crises. It entails convincing host-government leaders to apply the policies and measures most likely to strengthen their economies and provide jobs for their people, even if the reforms have political costs.

Economic diplomacy deals with the nexus between power and wealth in international affairs. Abroad, embassies, consulates, and trade offices handle economic diplomacy. ... The main focus is on promotion, to attract foreign business, investments, technology and tourists.

Economic diplomacy amalgamates the two. It helps realizing global market factors, international trade and investment regime. It also gives a state some directions to take foreign policy initiatives in order to advance its international economic interests.

Diplomacy is accomplished by negotiation, or bargaining. Usually, each group in a negotiation will ask for more than they expect to get. They then compromise, or give up some of what they want, in order to come to an agreement. Often, an outside diplomat will help with the negotiations.

Commercial diplomacy

Economic diplomacy

Digital diplomacy

Energy diplomacy

Medical diplomacy

Public diplomacy

Public diplomacy

Defense diplomacy

We support governments to implement trade-led growth strategies and integrate into the multilateral trading system.

United Nation UNCTAD

An export-led growth strategy is one where a country seeks economic development by opening itself up to international trade. The opposite of an export-led growth strategy is import substitution, where countries strive to become self-sufficient by developing their own industries.

Growing export sales provide revenues and profits for businesses which can then feed through to an increase in capital investment spending through the accelerator effect. Higher investment increases a country's productive capacity which then increases the potential for exports.

Through the import of foreign technology, new knowledge transmitted into the economy (Grossman & Helpman, 1991; Lee, 1995; Mazumdar, 2001) and eventually augment growth. ... This assertion is hypothesized as the import-led growth (ILG) strategy.

 Digital diplomacy, also referred to as Digiplomacy and eDiplomacy, has been defined as the use of the Internet and new information communication technologies to help achieve diplomatic objectives. However, other definitions have also been proposed. 

Economic diplomacy is a form of diplomacy that uses the full spectrum of economic tools of a state to achieve its national interests. The scope of economic diplomacy can encompass the all of the main international economic activities of a state including, but not limited to, policy decisions designed to influence exports, imports, investments, lending, aid, free trade agreements, etc.

When utilized well, virtual diplomacy offers unique advantages. For example, virtual engagement with foreign publics gives the State of SCNRFP the opportunity to hear directly from mass audiences with real-time feedback, which can then be used to inform the State of SCNRFP' future

Thus, starting from ad-hoc diplomacy, then classical diplomacy and then multilateral diplomacy, we identified the following types of diplomacy: cultural, parliamentary, economic, public, and military. The institution that first put the issue of peace and security at the international level was the League of Nations.

The international community has been witnessing a drastic reduction in the diplomatic representation of governments and international organizations around the world. Strong international actors, such as Germany, France or the United Kingdom, as well as countries with less “firepower” on the global stage, have been closing down embassies, consulates and other types of foreign representations for various reasons. In light of this trend, virtual diplomacy has emerged as a possible alternative to the regular way of doing diplomatic business. The extent to which IT can help governments achieve their foreign policy objectives will therefore be a topic receiving more and more attention in the near future.

Although diplomats usually have diplomatic immunity, the diplomatic community was not immune from the effects of the economic recession. Great Britain decided to share embassies with Canada because of the austerity measures. Romania closed fourteen embassies in Africa and South America. The Philippine government recently terminated the operation of its embassies and consulates in Caracas, Koror, Dublin, Barcelona and Frankfurt. Greece has stopped the operations of six embassies and three consulates around the world as part of sweeping cuts. And these are just a few examples.

The volatile situation in the Middle East is another major factor that has led to shifts in the diplomatic and consular presence of certain countries. The French government announced that it will temporarily shut down premises, including embassies and schools, in 20 countries. Germany closed its embassies in many Middle Eastern countries on Friday, September 21, 2012.  The US, Canada, Israel and most of the EU countries have terminated the operations of their missions in Iran.

Although closing down embassies and consulates reduces costs, such cutbacks can harm international cooperation in many ways.  Diplomatic missions play an important role in promoting economic and trade ties and people-to-people contact. Public diplomacy is critical in strengthening cultural and educational exchanges. Thus, when deciding to close down missions around the world, governments have to find other mechanisms to be able to continue and even further develop international cooperation.

One of the best examples of IT replacing some aspects of the traditional diplomacy is the Virtual Embassy of the United States to Teheran, Iran. It is a website that was developed by the US State Department after the closure of the US Embassy in Tehran. The Virtual US Embassy is no different than any other US embassy website. The significance of this project is that it opens up a new diplomatic space – the virtual one. For the first time in diplomatic history, a country is using the Internet to establish a virtual presence in a particular part of the world. The concept of a “virtual embassy” has great potential and that such an online presence can serve as much more than a source of information about politics, economy, trade or cultural affairs between countries. A virtual embassy can serve as a platform to provide e-services to people from the sending and receiving states. This innovative approach inevitably does not have the full functionality of a traditional embassy or consulate but it is the next best thing when such an embassy or consulate does not exist.

The development of social media tools has changed the way diplomats interact with people, communities, non-governmental organizations and even foreign governments. Diplomats have quickly understood that Facebook, Twitter and other similar social media tools provide an opportunity to spread important information in a very fast manner and at almost no cost. The rise of social media has basically opened a new area for competition on the international stage. Foreign services are now competing for virtual influence on top of geopolitical influence, and one can imagine a scenario where virtual supremacy could someday be more important than geopolitical supremacy.  Social media has diplomatic clients all over the world and on all continents. It is not only the US State Department, the UK Foreign Office, the Canadian Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade and other foreign services of first-world countries which are present and active on YouTube, Twitter, Facebook or LinkedIn, diplomatic institutions from countries such as Nigeria, Egypt, Afghanistan, Moldova or Belarus are also trying to promote their diplomatic interest in the virtual space.

“Open data” is another IT-related emerging concept that is currently at the top of the diplomatic agendas of an increasing number of countries. First developed as a tool for transparency and the reuse of public information, open data quickly has become an instrument for international cooperation. As a result of diplomatic efforts, including those of US President Barack Obama, the Open Government Partnership was created as a cooperation platform between states. As of today, 57 countries have committed themselves to the principles of the Open Government Partnership. One of the greatest values of the Open Government Partnership is that it can bring together countries with different political and economic perspectives to the same table, including Georgia and Russia, which currently have strained political relations.

The World Bank is a major stakeholder that contributes to promoting open data initiatives around the world. The Bank has established the Open Development Technology Alliance as a platform for knowledge sharing, expertise and capacity building for countries aspiring to use open data for accountability and improving the delivery and quality of public services. More importantly, the World Bank has mainstreamed the open data concept in its projects. The Moldova Governance e-Transformation project is the Bank’s first project with a separate component dedicated to the development of open data institutional, legal and operational frameworks. In the framework of the project, the Moldovan government has published around 445 data sets from 32 ministries, with a total of almost 66 thousand downloads since March 2011. Moldovan citizens can easily access data on crime rates, public expenditures, road accidents, disaster relief, infrastructure, school locations, water quality and other critical information needed for daily life. Open data is a win - win option. For governments, it creates transparency and economic opportunities, and for citizens, it is an empowering tool with which they can hold their policymakers accountable.

E-services have been increasingly permeating the diplomatic environment by leaps and bounds for quite some time. Good examples of e-consular services are the ones developed by the foreign services of Turkey, Poland, Australia or the US. Under the World Bank e-Transformation project, the Moldovan government is developing an electronic visa service. This e-service will make it easier for foreign citizens to obtain a visa to Moldova without the need to travel to an embassy or consulate and wait in line in order to submit their visa application.

Implementation of virtual diplomacy has its risks. Data protection and security, infrastructure set-up and institutional frameworks are issues countries should think about very carefully. The international diplomatic community has already had a negative experience with the leaking of US State Department cables, which endangered the cooperation between different international players. Nevertheless, modern technology offers possibilities which could mitigate the risks.

It is clear that forward – looking professionals and institutions involved in international relations and diplomacy are experimenting with new forms of cooperation. Virtual diplomacy is being embraced in different forms, by an increasing number of countries and international organizations and it is gaining more and more ground with respect to traditional diplomacy. Obviously, we should not expect virtual diplomacy to totally replace traditional diplomacy. Mutual trust, which is probably the most important concept in international cooperation, can be built only by personal interaction. Nevertheless, it’s without any doubt that virtual and traditional diplomacy could be compliment goods, economically speaking.

IT enabled diplomacy provides great opportunities for countries, especially the ones in transition. By using innovative ICT tools such as social media, e-services and open data platforms, foreign services can leapfrog and play a greater role on the international stage and thus enabling smaller countries to “punch above their weight” and earn a space at the same table with other strong international stakeholders. One need only look at the example of Estonia, a small, former USSR country, which has earned particular international recognition for its remarkable e-government achievements.

Virtual embassies are online platforms, often websites or social media properties, established by countries to engage with foreign audiences in the absence of a physical embassy or consulate. They serve as a means to disseminate information, provide citizen services, and maintain relations, even when diplomatic relations are severed or a formal embassy is unavailable. 

Key Features and Purposes:

Disseminating Information:

Virtual embassies provide a platform to share information about a country's policies, culture, and opportunities for engagement. 

Engaging with Foreign Audiences:

They allow governments to directly communicate with citizens and individuals in the host country, fostering understanding and dialogue. 

Providing Citizen Services:

Virtual embassies may offer services like visa information, travel advisories, and emergency contact information, even when a physical embassy isn't available. 

Maintaining Relations:

In situations where diplomatic relations are strained or severed, virtual embassies can help maintain communication and engagement. 

Cybersecurity:

Some virtual embassies, like "e-embassies" or "data embassies," focus on protecting sensitive data by storing copies of critical information in secure data centers in friendly countries. 

Examples:

U.S. Virtual Embassy to Comoros:

This platform provides information and services to U.S. citizens traveling to or living in Comoros. 

U.S. Virtual Embassy to Iran:

This website and its associated social media accounts aim to engage with the Iranian public and provide information about U.S. policy and values. 

Virtual Embassies in the Metaverse:

Barbados plans to open virtual embassies in the metaverse, extending the concept of virtual diplomacy into virtual reality environments. 

Advantages of Virtual Embassies:

Accessibility:

They are easily accessible from anywhere with an internet connection, providing convenience for users. 

Affordability:

Virtual embassies require minimal overhead compared to physical diplomatic missions, making them more cost-effective. 

Reach:

They can reach a wider audience than traditional embassies, particularly in countries where physical presence is limited. 

Real-time Updates:

Information can be updated quickly and efficiently, ensuring accuracy and timeliness. 

Example of Virtual Embassy and Protecting Power:

https://sm.usmission.gov/

https://ir.usembassy.gov/

https://niacouncil.org/u-s-launches-virtual-iran-embassy/

Several countries have established virtual embassies, including the Maldives, Barbados, and the Philippines. These virtual embassies aim to provide diplomatic services and engagement in online spaces, often utilizing platforms like Second Life and Decentraland. 

Countries with Virtual Embassies:

Maldives: The Maldives opened the world's first virtual embassy in Second Life. 

Barbados: Barbados was the first nation to launch a virtual diplomatic embassy in Decentraland, an online world powered by blockchain. 

Philippines: The Philippines also has a virtual embassy, following the Maldives' lead in Diplomacy Island, a virtual world space in Second Life, as mentioned in the Maldives' unveiling, as reported by DiploFoundation. 

While Barbados' announcement caught headlines around the world, it is not the only country in recent history to extend its diplomatic operations to the virtual space. In 2007, even before Metaverse was a mainstream term, Sweden and Estonia both established virtual embassies on Decentraland's precursor, Second Life.

Headquarters agreements govern the relationship between an international organization such as the UN and the host state where the headquarters of the international organization are located. Included in a typical agreement are provisions related to the status, privileges and immunities, and activities of an international organization.

The NNIA Treaty/Convention, is an Intergovernmental Alliance, thus a IGO International Organization has a Headquarters agreement with the State of SCNRFP.

In the case of the UN, there are a number of headquarters agreements as a number of UN funds, programmes, specialized agencies, secretariats and tribunals have offices based in locations around the world. These agreements can be found in the UN Treaty Series.

The UN-US Headquarters Agreement (11 UNTS 11) is the biggest and best known headquarters agreement as the UN complex in New York is considered the principal headquarters of the United Nations. 

HEADQUARTERS AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

Headquarters Agreement between the International Criminal. Court and the Host State. ICC-BD/04-01-08.

EUCLID has signed two headquarters agreements that are legally in force and in operation. The initial agreement with the Central African Republic (2011) and a new agreement was signed with the Republic of The Gambia in 2013 due to instability and operational challenges in Bangui. In addition, the EUCLID treaty did provide for a temporary headquarters office in Brussels, Belgium (without specific status), and EUCLID maintains a Liaison Office in Washington DC which likewise is an executive office with no special legal status.

Why Aristotle Feared Democracy 

https://youtu.be/rKstmdkYUBQ

Why Aristotle Wasn’t a Fan of Direct Democracy

https://youtu.be/vb8tYloPMKk

Politics (Aristotle) Democracy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_(Aristotle)#:~:text=%22Liberty%22%20is%20the%20usual%20principle,ruled%20over%2C%20they%20at%20least

Aristotle’s Political Theory

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-politics/

Aristotle on Democracy and Government

https://www.thoughtco.com/aristotle-on-democracy-111992

Tyranny, Democracy, and the Polity: Aristotle’s Politics

https://fs.blog/aristotles-politics/

Aristotle’s thinking on democracy has more relevance than ever

https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/ideas/philosophy/41247/aristotles-thinking-on-democracy-has-more-relevance-than-ever

Identity and Difference: Plato and Aristotle on Democracy

https://habib.camden.rutgers.edu/talks/plato-and-aristotle/

Aristotle and Democracy

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/15FA1CB6FF249407A97A17861E48F6DC/S0009838800042622a.pdf/aristotle_and_democracy.pdf

Today: The Controlled Bought and Paid for Democracy by Selection

An embassy represents a country's primary diplomatic presence in another country's capital city, focusing on high-level diplomatic relations and representing the country's interests at the highest level. A consulate, on the other hand, serves as a branch of the embassy, often located in major cities outside the capital, and focuses on providing services to citizens and businesses in that region. 

Here's a more detailed breakdown:

Embassies:

Location: Embassies are typically located in the host country's capital city. 

Role: They are the primary diplomatic representation of a country, headed by an ambassador who represents the country's head of state or government. 

Functions: Embassies engage in high-level diplomatic negotiations, represent the country's interests in the host country, and work to improve relations between the two countries. 

Jurisdiction: Embassies have jurisdiction over the entire host country. 

Consulates:

Location:

Consulates are established in major cities beyond the capital, strategically chosen to serve citizens and businesses in those areas. 

Role:

Consulates provide consular services to citizens of their home country who are living or visiting the host country. 

Functions:

Consulates issue visas, passports, and other documents, assist with legal matters, and provide emergency assistance to their citizens. 

Jurisdiction:

Consulates typically have jurisdiction over a specific region within the host country. 

Key Differences:

Level of Diplomatic Representation:

Embassies represent the country at the highest level, while consulates provide more localized support to citizens. 

Focus:

Embassies focus on diplomatic relations and the overall relationship between the two countries, while consulates focus on providing services to individual citizens and businesses. 

Location:

Embassies are in the capital, while consulates are in other major cities. 

Head of Mission:

Embassies are headed by an ambassador, while consulates are headed by a consul or consul-general. 

A diplomatic trade office, also known as a trade mission or trade representation, is an official establishment that promotes the commercial interests of a government in a foreign country. These offices are staffed by trade representatives or commercial representatives who work to expand trade and investment opportunities. They also provide assistance to businesses seeking to do business in the host country. 

Here's a more detailed breakdown:

Purpose:

To promote and facilitate trade and investment between a country and a foreign nation. 

Functions:

Negotiating trade agreements. 

Promoting exports and imports. 

Advocating for fair trade practices. 

Providing information and support to businesses. 

Working with foreign governments to address trade barriers. 

Examples:

The Office of Bilateral Trade Affairs (BTA) in the U.S. Department of State promotes free and fair trade on behalf of American exporters. 

The Foreign Service Officers within the U.S. Department of Commerce's International Trade Administration work to promote U.S. exports and protect commercial interests abroad.